What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone tissue that leads to increased risk of fractures and breaks. Some key things to know:
- Who gets osteoporosis? It is most common in postmenopausal women due to decreased estrogen levels. But men and people with certain medical conditions are also at risk.
- What causes it? Insufficient calcium, vitamin D, and exercise can weaken bones over time. Some medications, hormonal changes, and medical conditions also play a role. Genetics contributes as well.
- How is it diagnosed? Diagnosis is made using a bone density scan (DXA) to measure BMD and look for signs of deterioration. A T-score between -1 and -2.5 indicates low bone mass (osteopenia) and below -2.5 indicates osteoporosis.
- What are the symptoms? Often there are no obvious symptoms until a fracture occurs. Some notice gradual height loss over time as vertebrae compress.
- How is it treated? Treatment focuses on preventing further bone loss and fractures. It often involves lifestyle changes plus medication.
Medications
There are several types of medication available to help rebuild bone and reduce fracture risk:
- Bisphosphonates - most commonly prescribed, slow/prevent bone loss
- Parathyroid hormone analogs - stimulate bone formation
- RANKL inhibitors - block bone breakdown
If you've been diagnosed with low bone density or osteoporosis, the hormone optimization experts at Balance Hormone Center can help create a customized treatment plan involving both lifestyle changes and hormone balancing tailored to your unique needs. Call today for a consult!
I hope this overview gives you a good understanding of the key things to know about osteoporosis - what it is, who gets it, how it's diagnosed, and the main treatments available. Let me know if you have any other questions!