Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. It is the 1 cause of death globally, responsible for over 17 million deaths per year. Major types of CVD include:
Coronary artery disease: Plaque buildup inside the heart's arteries, which can cause chest pain (angina) or heart attack. Lifestyle changes and medications to lower cholesterol can help prevent this.
Heart failure: When the heart cannot pump adequate blood to meet the body's needs. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs. Controlling high blood pressure reduces risk.
Stroke: Interruption of blood to the brain caused by a clot or bleeding. Quick treatment is crucial to minimize brain damage. Keeping blood pressure under control with diet and exercise reduces stroke risk.
Atherosclerosis: Hardening and narrowing of arteries from fatty deposits called plaque. This condition underlies many types of CVD and can lead to heart attack or stroke if plaque ruptures.
Hypertension: Persistently high blood pressure above 130/80 mm Hg. Called the "silent killer" because it often has no obvious symptoms despite causing damage to blood vessels and organs like the heart and kidneys.
Risk Factors
Several factors increase the likelihood of developing CVD: